Bharatpur National Park : A Birdwatcher's Paradise

Bharatpur National Park: A Birdwatcher's Paradise

Bharatpur National Park, also known as Keoladeo Ghana National Park, is one of the most renowned bird sanctuaries in the world. Located in the Bharatpur district of Rajasthan, this UNESCO World Heritage site covers an area of approximately 29 square kilometers. The park is named after the Keoladeo temple within its boundaries, and “Ghana” refers to the dense forest that used to cover the area. Bharatpur National Park is a haven for birdwatchers, nature enthusiasts, and wildlife photographers, offering a unique opportunity to observe a diverse array of bird species in their natural habitat. This article delves into the park’s history, its diverse flora and fauna, and the best times and ways to visit.

History and Significance

The history of Bharatpur National Park dates back to the 18th century when it was created as a hunting ground by Maharaja Suraj Mal of Bharatpur. The area was strategically developed by diverting water from a nearby irrigation canal to create a series of shallow wetlands, which attracted a variety of waterfowl. Over time, the park gained recognition as a premier bird sanctuary, and in 1982, it was declared a national park. In 1985, it was designated as a UNESCO World Heritage site due to its significance as a habitat for a wide range of bird species, including several endangered and migratory birds.

Flora and Fauna

Birdlife
Bharatpur National Park is home to over 370 species of birds, making it one of the best places for birdwatching in the world. Some of the notable bird species include:

Siberian Crane: One of the most famous visitors to Bharatpur, the Siberian Crane, is an endangered species that migrates from Siberia during the winter months. Although their numbers have declined in recent years, the park remains one of their critical wintering grounds.
Painted Stork: These striking birds with their distinctive black and white plumage and colorful bills can be seen nesting in large colonies within the park.
Egrets and Herons: The wetlands of Bharatpur attract various species of egrets and herons, which can be seen wading through the water in search of fish and other prey.
Pelicans: Both the Great White Pelican and the Dalmatian Pelican can be spotted in the park, often seen gliding gracefully over the water.
Ducks and Geese: During the winter, the park is filled with numerous species of ducks and geese, including the Bar-headed Goose, Greylag Goose, and Northern Pintail.

Other Wildlife

While Bharatpur is primarily known for its birdlife, the park also supports a variety of other wildlife, including:

Mammals: Common sightings include Nilgai (blue bull), Sambar deer, Spotted deer, Wild boar, and Golden jackal. The park also occasionally hosts leopards and fishing cats.
Reptiles: The park is home to several species of snakes, lizards, and turtles, including the Indian python and the monitor lizard.
Butterflies: Bharatpur boasts a rich diversity of butterflies, adding to the park’s vibrant ecosystem.

Flora

The vegetation in Bharatpur National Park consists of dry deciduous forests, scrublands, and extensive wetlands. The dominant tree species include Babul (Acacia nilotica), Kadam (Mitragyna parvifolia), and Jamun (Syzygium cumini). The park’s wetlands are fringed with aquatic vegetation, providing ideal nesting and feeding grounds for waterfowl.

Visiting Bharatpur National Park

Best Time to Visit

The best time to visit Bharatpur National Park is during the winter months, from October to March, when the migratory birds arrive. This period offers the best opportunities for birdwatching, as the park is teeming with a variety of resident and migratory birds. The weather during this time is also pleasant, making it ideal for exploring the park.

How to Visit

Entry and Timings: The park is open from sunrise to sunset. Visitors need to purchase an entry ticket at the park’s entrance, with different rates for Indian and foreign tourists.
Exploring the Park: The park can be explored on foot, by bicycle, or by cycle rickshaw. Cycle rickshaws, operated by trained naturalists, are a popular and eco-friendly way to navigate the park, as the rickshaw pullers are knowledgeable about the park’s flora and fauna and can provide valuable insights. For a more comprehensive experience, visitors can also hire a professional guide.
Accommodation: There are several accommodation options available near the park, ranging from budget guesthouses to luxury hotels. The Bharatpur Forest Lodge, located within the park, offers a unique experience for those looking to stay close to nature.
Photography: Bharatpur National Park is a haven for wildlife photographers, offering numerous opportunities to capture stunning images of birds and other wildlife. Visitors are advised to bring telephoto lenses and binoculars for the best experience.

Bharatpur National Park, with its rich biodiversity and stunning landscapes, offers a unique and immersive experience for nature lovers and birdwatchers. Whether you are observing the graceful flight of a Siberian Crane, listening to the melodious calls of songbirds, or simply enjoying the tranquility of the wetlands, a visit to Bharatpur is a journey into the heart of nature’s beauty and wonder. This remarkable sanctuary stands as a testament to the importance of conservation and the enduring allure of the natural world.